Lab examining angiospermae leaf, and stem

 Please examine the following specimens under the LIGHT  microscope. Read page 285 to 287.  Make a clear and colourful drawing that is at least half a page and label the parts of the specimen.  Each labeled drawing is 7 marks x 5 drawings = an assignment out of 35 marks.  Answer all questions for full marks

Drawings

A. LEAF X SECTION LILAC 

B  SYRINGA LEAF X SECTION 

C.  Leaf collected from outside .

1. for  the leaf that you picked from outside, label the top and bottom of leaf and explain why one side is darker. 

2..  Look at the cross section of leaf.  Draw and label the cuticle, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, guard cell, vein. 

3..  Which part of the leaf is facing the sun?  Which part is in the shade? 

4.   What is the purpose of the stomata?

5.   What is a cuticle for?

STEM 

drawings:

A. monocot vs dicot 

b. longitudinal section of coleus stem 

 1. MONOCOT VS DICOT  Examine and compare the monocot and dicot stem   cross section slide.  Label the vascular bundles, xylem and phloem.  How do you know which specimen is monocot and which is dicot? (page 285) 

2. LONGITUDINAL SECTION Draw the longitudinal section.  The xylem is stained red.  What is the purpose of xylem?  

Flower and Fruit Lab : Angiospermae contrasted with early Tracheophyta specimens

 PLEASE OMIT NUMBER 6 BELOW, BUT DO THE REST

I am giving you a handout which is like a  colouring book showing the structures of flowers, leaves and fruit.  It is from the "Botany Colouring Book", a resource for university level botany courses.

Use this as a reference.

FLOWER and FRUIT LAB part 1
Go into the school garden and find the following specimens.  Bring them back for dissection and observation under the dissecting microscope.

Draw each specimen.  2 marks
Identify the flower type and label the parts.  2 marks
Write one interesting observation you notice  1 mark

 Each drawing should be at least a half page.  

Use a blank paper to draw your observations.

SPECIMENS: FOR EACH NUMBER BELOW, USE HALF A PAGE TO DRAW THE FOLLOWING: 
1.  Find a small HEAD type of flower  and draw it (simlar to a sunflower) . It ought to have a disk flower and ray flower within the head.  Observations:  Count the disc flowers in your specimen.  What is the advantage of this kind of flower? 

2.Draw these specimens

    a.  Find a branching type of flower, such as a SPIKE type of flower
    b.   Find a BRANCHING type of flower like a head type

    c.   Find any other type of BRANCHING type. 

3.  Find a BASIC FLOWER.  Is it hypogynous, perigynous or epigynous?  Draw it and label its parts


4. Fruit specimens:  find a fruit specimen from the school garden.  Identify the type of fruit it is and draw it. Classify the fruit according to your colouring book reference.  Examine a sample under the microsope. label any parts you see according to the reference. 

5.  Seed specimens:

find 4 kinds of seeds from the school garden: 

a."helicopter style" seeds 

b. parachute seeds

c. seeds composed of 2 parts (dicotyledon)

d. seeds composed of 1 part (monocotyledon) 

6.  EARLY TRACHEOPHYTA : these are not angiospermae 

a.  Fern specimen:  Note that ferns are NOT angiospermae. They have spores and no seeds.  Look at their spores and draw them. 

b.  Horsetail specimen:  Horsetails have silica to discourage herbivory.  Examine under the dissecting microscope.  Draw this specimen

7.  LIVING FOSSIL TRACHEOPHYTA SAMPLE:  Gymnospermae

a.  Ginkgo: Examine the ginkgo leaf under the microscope and look at the fossil

50 marks for the specimens

15 marks for presentation, completeness, creativity

total: 65 marks

ANGIOSPERMAE, the lateset plants in evolutionary history

 Read the Angiosperm Review Sheet  

(review sheet copyright Ms. V. Hui)

Here are the notes 

Go into the school garden and find the following items: Observe under the dissecting microscope   Dissect and draw. Hand in.

1. A flower with a stamen, stigma, pistil, petals

2. a fruit

3. a seed, is it a dicot or monocot? 

4. A leaf showing the *veins*

5. A pollinator photo

Evaluation: 

18-20 outstanding, careful  labelled drawings. in colour

15-18 Excellent drawings, labelled. no colour

10-14 Very well done. Not labelled.

0-10  Good start. It's incomplete.

Take a look at wood specimens under the light microscope

 observe cross sections of a pinus plant

this is a 3 year old cross section of a pine from the Berkshire Community College

Bioscience Image Library

Wood structure

Examine the wood specimen 

Plant evolution lab activity: Study questions for Alternation of Generation

 1.  What is the definition of a plant?

2.  Write the equation for photosynthesis
3.  Glucose can be used for three purposes for plants.  What are these three purposes?
4.  Review how sexual reproduction occurs in multicellular animals and explain the meaning of the words "haploid" and "diploid"

5.  The earliest plants in evolutionary history were bryophytes.  What are bryophyte characteristics?
6.  Explain Alternation of Generation
7.  What characteristics of tracheophytes help them survive on land?
8.  What is the order of evolutionary history:   fern, flower, moss, cedar tree...what is the correct order?

 First go into the school garden and bring back some mosses and fern specimens.  You will start this Plant evolution lab activity .  

1.  Examine MOSSES and FERNS by using the DISSECTING MICROSCOPES located in the back room.   These have TWO OCULAR LENSES: two eye pieces, not one.   

2.  Draw your specimens while observing under low power. Put your specimens on paper towel.   if a petri dish is available, try submerging your moss under water. It looks very much like seaweed. Why does it resemble algae?  

As you work through this lab, note that we do not have certain specimens. We have no liverworts or horsetails in our school garden so you cannot examine them.  Just answer the questions for liverworts and horsetails.  

Plants alternate their generations.  If humans did this, it would be something like this: I will explain this when I come back to school.

Watch this video and learn about alternation of generation 

Plant evolution webquest

do  this webquest on plant evolution.     Hand in your work

15 marks for the completed webquest.

https://natmus.humboldt.edu/exhibits/plants-history/evolution-land-plants