Rise of Superbugs, NDM-1 and XDRTB

Before 1920, bacterial infections were very difficult to treat.  When antibiotics came into use, they appeared to be a miracle drug, killing all bacteria.  Now, natural selection has caused the emergence of superbugs, or antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Watch the following video and answer the questions below as you watch. Write your answers in pen.
Your presentations on disease is due NEXT PERIOD.  The questions below are due Jan 30, 2018 during class

QUESTIONS
1.  What kinds of common procedures in hospitals can cause infections?  What was the procedure in the first case?
2.   What are some symptoms of infections of  this superbug?
3.   Everybody who takes antibiotics are giving a chance for a superbug.  Explain how overuse of antibiotics can cause superbugs
4.  In some countries, there is no antibiotic policy.  How can this lead to superbugs?
5.   What is scary about the "NDM-1" gene discovered in India?
6.   Indian researchers suggested that there ought to be international wartime measures to control antibiotics.  What kind of measures did they suggest?
7.   What is the only toxic antibiotic that can kill NDM-1?
8.    In Greece, a patient came home with a superbug.  In the absence of antibiotics, how did they treat the infected bowel?
9.    Drug resistant XDRTB has a high rate of death.  How does the hospital protect other patients from the TB patient?
10.   Why don't Pharmaceutical companies do more to create more antibiotics?
11.   Why is bleach cleaning one of the solutions for hospitals?
12.  If antibiotic won't work, what is the only solution to remove bacteria?

13.  Look on the internet to discover what drugs can be used against
a.   NDM-1
b.   XDRTB

14.  Write about what you would do to prevent antibiotic resistance?

put your name on your sheet and hand it in

quiz

 a few more questions

Disease assignment

MAKE A POWERPOINT ON THE FOLLOWING TOPICS ON DISEASES  /30

1.  the presentation answers all the questions /5

2.  you summarize the information in an engaging way  /5

3.  you include photographs to tell your story /10

4.  You offer insightful commentary and opinion on this topic which shows you did your reading 

/10

DISEASE SCENARIO QUESTIONS

What was the disease caused by, which microbe? 

What are the symptoms of the disease? 

What was the disease vector?

Who became ill? What factors influenced and exacerbated the disease outbreak?

How did people respond to treat the disease?

What measures were taken to control the spread of disease?

Show us some pictures

1.  Ebola: 

a.      Describe the disease

 https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/index.html

News articles

b.     https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/05/world/africa/ebolas-cultural-casualty-hugs-in-hands-on-liberia.html

c.      HOSPITAL FROM HELL

https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/02/world/africa/ebola-spreading-in-west-africa.html

d.      TREATING EBOLA

https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/08/world/life-death-and-careful-routine-fill-the-day-at-a-liberian-ebola-clinic.html

Anna

2.     2.  ZIKA outbreak in South America. It was linked to Guillain Barre Syndrome and microencephaly.

a.      Describe the disease Zika  https://www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html

News articles

b.     https://www.nytimes.com/news-event/zika-virus

Sebastien

3.      3. SARS https://www.cdc.gov/sars/about/fs-sars.html

b.      News articles on treatment

c.     outbreak details

http://www.cbc.ca/news2/background/sars/

4.  LYME DISEASE

https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/index.html

nick

5.  MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE

https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/index.html

emily

6.  Flesh eating disease caused by streptococcus
https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/health-topics/hw140405

DISEASE OVERVIEW QUESTIONS.  Many diseases may be affecting a population at the same time. What is the community affected by many diseases

What are the factors that makes this community more vulnerable to the diseases mentioned. What are recommendations for reducing the disease

DISEASE OVERVIEW TOPICS

d.     HEALTH PROBLEMS OF THE DOWNTOWN EAST SIDE:  A variety of diseases can affect people living in extreme poverty.  What diseases are the most common and what are the challenges to treatment? Write an overview of the diseases and describe how health workers are responding. http://www.bcmj.org/articles/pain-and-wasting-main-and-hastings-perspective-vancouver-native-health-society-medical-clin

Hepatitis C in Vancouver in the Downtown Eastside: http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/vancouver-s-downtown-eastside-residents-dying-at-8-times-the-national-average-1.3223569

e.      EFFECT OF WAR ON MEDICAL TREATMENT:  MEDICENS SANS FRONTIERES:  DOCTORS WITHOUT BORDERS an independent organization. The attack in Kabul on MSF clinic, the apology by president Obama.  And head of msf Dr.Joanne Lui “received” the apology but did not accept it. What happened in the attack in Kunduz?  http://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-attack-msf-idUSKCN0S10SX20151007

Disease vectors. There is a microbiology quiz next day on virus, monerans and disease vectors

the Introduction to Microbiology Notes, and the disease vector

slideshow on disease for our Centre for Disease Control activity: 

Some useful links below for more info:

Very generalized differences between viral and bacterial infections

A list of bacterial pathogens and viral pathogens (note the error under viral pathogens: botulism is not a viral disease - gov't of australia website made a mistake here!). some of the pathogens are particular to Australia, but others are common worldwide (such as measles, meningitis, salmonella, influenza).  These sites are easy to navigate.

 a more comprehensive list of viral pathogens .  this list is undergraduate level.

CASE STUDIES

Airborne Diseases

            Preventing airborne diseases case study: a viral airborne disease (SARS)

            http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/factsheets/respsars.html

Managing an airborne disease case study:  a bacterial airborne disease (TB)

            http://www.cdc.gov/tb/pubs/slidesets/InfectionGuidelines/airborne.htm

STI: 

http://www.cdc.gov/std/default.htm

Foodborne:http://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/facts.html

dine safe website: a comprehensive list of health inspection reports for any restaurant!

Animal vector:

            Vertebrates mainly :

http://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/browse_by_diseases.htm

Insect vector: note only the ones caused by virus and bacteria:

http://www.capitalhealth.ca/EspeciallyFor/TravellersHealth/InsectTransmittedDiseases/default.htm

Waterborne:

http://www.azdhs.gov/phs/oids/epi/disease/waterborne/list.htm

APPLY TO BE AN ARTIST at the VSB SUSTAINABILITY CONFERENCE

Do you Doodle in Class? Care about Sustainability? The VSB Sustainability Conference wants you!

Do you doodle in class, during meetings? Can't stop drawing if you tried?  We have once again been requested to do youth artist training for youth to draw for other youth at the VSB Sustainability Conference! on Feb 19, 2018. We need to find at least 20 youth artists to draw for their peers.

The first of two co-design youth artist training sessions will take place on  

JAN 31

FEB 6

FEB 13

at Gladstone Secondary School in the staff room 4-6pm

4105 Gladstone Street

We will also warm up on the morning of the conference so you'll be ready to draw for the planning session!  APPLY TO BE AN ARTIST HERE.

What you will learn:

• Fast visual storytelling techniques that can be used for planning
• Sketching warm ups
• Fundamentals of co-design drawing
• How to draw fearlessly in front of peers

We will take you step by step to draw for the conference!
Ready, set, DRAW!

MICROBIOLOGY NOTES

Today you will go over the Introduction to Microbiology Notes, which cover Virus, and Monerans, with a mention of unicellular fungi.  We will likely only have time to review the lytic and lysogenic cycle today.

You can also continue with your notes on microbiology.  

STEPS TO THE LYTIC CYLE: memorize AESAR

• Attachment
• Entry & degradation of host's DNA
• Synthesis of new viruses 
• duplication of virus' genetic material
• creation of new virus parts
• Assembly of parts into new viruses
• Release of new viruses

 video shows lytic cycle




 steps to the lysogenic cycle:  memorize AEIM

• Attachment
• Entry (no degradation of host DNA)
• Integration using integrase enzyme
• Mitosis
• Host+virus DNA duplicated
• cytokinesis
• A virus that uses the lysogenic life cycle is termed either a provirus or prophage. What causes various proviruses to shift to the lytic cycle is not completely understood, but in some cases stress is the stimulus.

Viruses

Here are your study questions, there will be a quiz next day. Each group will present on each topic.  Your presentation is out of 10 marks

3 marks:  you answered the question without any mistakes
2 marks:  you were clear and stayed on topic
2 marks:  each member of the group presented
2.5 marks: your group was VERY creative
.5 mark:  your group had OUTSTANDING creativity above and beyond

The questions:
1.  What is a virus and what is it made of?  Is a virus even alive?
2.  Describe the stages of the lytic cycle
3.  Describe the stages of the lysogenic cycle
4.  What are four examples of viruses that affect humans? Describe them
5.  What are three examples of viruses that affect non-humans?  Describe them
6.  What are our defenses against viruses?